Re: Molinism discussion
Posted: Fri Dec 30, 2011 10:06 am
I am going to post a series of articles that I hope will explian more on molinism. First is from a PDF article: A Molinist View of Election by Ken Keathley starting from around page 18 and it is attached here as well. Please download or link to this article as it is gives good background information. his is the first, I'll post the others a bit later of aanswering some of PL's concerns...
DRAFT: A Molinist View of Election
Or How to Be a Consistent Infralapsarian
Ken Keathley
From this PDF Aticle Link
Page 18
Armed with these three conceptual tools, Molinism argues that God accomplishes his sovereign will via his omniscience. First, God knows everything that could happen.This first moment is his natural knowledge, where God knows everything due to his omniscient nature.
Second, from the set of infinite possibilities God also knows which scenarios would result in persons freely responding in the way he desires. This crucial moment of knowledge is between the first and third moment, hence the term middleknowledge. From the repertoire of available options provided by his middle knowledge,God freely and sovereignly chooses which one he will bring to pass. This results inGod’s third moment of knowledge, which is his foreknowledge of what certainly will occur.44 The third moment is God’s free knowledge because it is determined by his free and sovereign choice.
By utilizing these three phases of knowledge, God predestines all events, yet notin such a way that violates genuine human freedom and choice. God meticulously “sets the table” so that humans freely choose what he had predetermined. An example of this could be Simon Peter’s denial of the Lord. The Lord predicted Peter would deny him and by use of middle knowledge ordained the scenario that infallibly guaranteed Peter would do so. However, God did not make or cause Peter to do as he did.
The Advantages of the Molinist Approach
The Molinist approach has a number of advantages over both Calvinism and Arminianism, which I want to list briefly. First, Molinism affirms the genuine desire on [44] The verbs could, would, and will highlight the distinctions in the moments of God’s knowledge. From knowledge of what could happen (1st moment), God knows which ones would bring about his desiredresult (2nd moment), and he chooses one possibility which means he knows it will come about (3rd moment).
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the part of God for all to be saved in a way that is problematic for Calvinism. God has auniversal salvific will even though not all, maybe not even most, will repent and believethe Gospel. Historically, Calvinists have struggled with this question; with most eitherdenying that God’s desires all to be saved, or else claiming God has a secret will whichtrumps his revealed will.
Molinism fits well with the biblical teaching that God universally loves the world(John 3:16) and yet Christ has a particular love for the Church (Eph. 5:25). William LaneCraig suggests that God “chose a world having an optimal balance between the number of the saved and the number of the damned.”[45] In other words, God has created a worldwith a maximal ratio of the number of saved to those lost. The Bible teaches that Godgenuinely desires all to be saved, and even though many perish, still his will is done.Molinism better addresses this apparent paradox.
An illustration may be helpful here. Before the Normandy invasion, General Dwight Eisenhower was told by many of his advisors that casualties might exceed 70%. The actual human toll was terrible but thankfully not that high. Eisenhower gave the order for the invasion to proceed, but he would have been quick to tell you he genuinely desired that none of his men should perish. Molinism understands God’s will for all to be saved to operate in a similar fashion, though we recognize all analogies breakdowneventually.
To try to explain the Calvinist view of God’s salvific will, John Piper and BruceWare also use illustrations of leaders—George Washington and Winston Churchill,
45 William Lane Craig, “‘No Other Name:’ A Middle Knowledge Perspective on the Exclusivity
of Salvation through Christ,” Faith and Philosophy 6:2 (April, 1989), 185.
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respectively—who are forced to make similarly difficult decisions.46 But their illustrations work against their position, because a key component of the Calvinist doctrine of election is that the reprobate is passed over because of “God’s good pleasure.” Molinism better fits the biblical description of the two wills of God (or the two aspects of God’s will)—his antecedent and consequent wills. The Molinist can affirm without qualification that God is “not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance” (2 Pet. 3:9).
Second, Molinism provides a better model for understanding how it is simultaneously true that God’s decree of election is unconditional while his rejection of the unbeliever is conditional. God’s omniscient foreknowledge is the Achilles heel for most Arminian presentations of election. If God has exhaustive knowledge of all future events, then conditional election does not really remove the unconditional nature of God’s decisions. If God knows that a certain man will freely accept the gospel while that man’s brother freely will not, and yet God decides to create both of them anyway, then this is a mysterious, sovereign, and unconditional determination on the part of God.Some Arminians recognize this dilemma and opt for open theism instead. In open theism, God does not know how an individual will respond to the Gospel. So he creates a person and hopes for the best. The open theist sees God as an actuary working the odds and understands God’s sovereignty as an exercise in risk management. Molinism provides a much better answer. Why does the reprobate exist?
Answer: because of God’s sovereign will. But why is he reprobated? Answer: because
46 John Piper, “Are There Two Wills in God? Divine Election and God’s Desire for All to Be Saved,” in The Grace of God, the Bondage of the Will, Thomas R. Schreiner and Bruce A. Ware, eds.(Grand Rapids: Baker, 1995), 122-24; and Bruce Ware, “Divine Election to Salvation,” Perspectives onElection, 33-34.
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of his own unbelief. When God made the sovereign choice to bring into existence this particular world, he rendered certain—but did not cause—the destruction of certain ones who would reject God’s overtures of grace. According to Molinism, our free choice determines how we would respond in any given setting, but God decides the setting in which we actually find ourselves. As Craig states, “It is up to God whether we find ourselves in a world in which we are predestined, but it is up to us whether we are predestined in the world in which we find ourselves.”[47]
In other words, the Molinist paradigm explains how it is possible for there to be a decree of election without a corresponding decree of reprobation, which is in fact the biblical witness. One of the strongest motivations for the infralapsarian position is the conviction that God did not ordain the reprobate to hell in the same way he ordained the elect to salvation. The Molinist model presents an asymmetric relationship between God and the two classes of people, the elect and the reprobate, in manner that infralapsarianism cannot. This is a great advantage to Molinism.
The third point is the converse to the previous one: in the Molinist system, unlike Arminianism, God is author of salvation who actively elects certain ones. In Arminianism, God employs only a passive foreknowledge (or, in open theism, God elects no individuals at all). Molinists contend that God uses his exhaustive foreknowledge in an active, sovereign way. God determines the world in which we live. Whether or not exist at all, or I have the opportunity to respond to the Gospel, or I am placed in a setting where I would be graciously enabled to believe—these are all sovereign decisions made by him. The Molinist affirms that the elect are saved by God’s good pleasure. The
47 See William Lane Craig, “‘No Other Name’: A Middle Knowledge Perspective on the
Exclusivity of Salvation Through Christ,” Faith and Philosophy 6:2 (April, 1989) 172–88.
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distinctive difference between Calvinism and Molinism is that Calvinism sees God accomplishing his will through his omnipotent power while Molinism understands God utilizing his omniscient knowledge.
The fourth point expands the third point: Molinism has a more robust and scriptural understanding of the role God’s foreknowledge plays in election than does either Calvinism or Arminianism. The Bible repeatedly states that “those God foreknew he also predestined” (Rom. 8:29) and that the saints are “elect according to the foreknowledge of God” (1 Peter 1:2). Calvinists generally claim that in these instances God’s foreknowledge should be understood as his “forelove.” This seems to be a classic case of special pleading. Arminians contend that what is foreknown by God is merely the believer’s faith. Molinism rejects both explanations.
In the Calvinist understanding of foreknowledge and predetermination, the future is the product of the will of God. The Calvinist view clearly presents God as sovereign, but he also appears to be the cause of sin. In the Arminian formulation, God looks forward into a future made by the decisions of free creatures, and then makes his plans accordingly. The Arminian model emphasizes that God is a loving Father, but unfortunately his will has nothing to do with much that happens.
By contrast, Molinism contends that God actively utilizes his foreknowledge.Among the many possibilities populated by the choices of free creatures, God freely and sovereignly decided which world to bring into existence. This view fits well with the biblical simultaneous affirmation of both foreknowledge and predetermination (Acts2:23). Some Calvinists such as J. I. Packer and D. A. Carson affirm both, but they calltheir view the antinomy or paradox position because they know it cannot be reconciled