Most of the points you raised are dealt with in the research paper I linked to. You must not have read it.
http://www.eva.mpg.de/genetics/pdf/Gree ... l_2008.pdf
Like I said, if the mtDNA of the father is part of the equation, that still has no bearing on neanderthals. This would lead to a younger age (as far as genetic clocks) for humanity.
What? If the mtDNA is not human, its not human. Are you saying that someone can have a mother (or father) that is not human? The nuclear DNA I mentioned says the same thing."Theologically, if Christians use this to say that Neanderthals are not human, then that is equivalent to saying that humanity is determined by mitochondrial DNA."
First, we have samples of each as children, teens and adults. The teeth tell the story. We can see when molars erupt and can look at growth paterns within the teeth.First, no one has witnessed a neanderthal, ergaster or homo erectus mature.