Kenny wrote:Kurieuo wrote:Kenny wrote:Kurieuo wrote:1) Volcano God - why did people sacrifice virgins?
During that time human sacrifice was considered an acceptable practice to appease the Gods.
Kurieuo wrote:What is it they believed this would do?
Prevent the volcano from erupting and destroying everything.
So, then. To save many, one is being sacrified.
If the virgin sacrificed themselves, then such is a quite virtuous act right?
If the tribe forced them, then notably it isn't good but they face a moral dilemma: preserve the fuller people or sacrifice one.
Would we be correct to conclude that what is at odds here is their knowledge, not necessarily moral values?
Even if their application based upon their knowledge is faulty.
Kenny wrote:Kurieuo wrote:2) Racism - Why was it seen as alright to have black African slaves in America?
Slavery was an a common and acceptable practice during that time.
Kurieuo wrote:Why did white people considers blacks "property" and not equals?
Because they were primitive in their own environment they were seen as inferior people.
It was before my own education, but my Dad has told me in high school he was taught that Australian aborigines were lesser evolved.
Biological science had shown they were more like monkey, had smaller brains.
In the past blacks were not considered equal but inferior.
In most extreme cases, they weren't considered persons, but rather commodities.
They were the property of the person who bought them. Therefore, the rights they had were those that persons at he time decided.
It was still illegal however, to have a white person as a slave or treat another "person" in this manner.
Nazi Germany was much the same with the Jews.
The Jews weren't persons, they were vermin that should be eradicated from every corner.
Many bought into the lie, although some made a stand,
Thus, a lot of difference seems attributable to be a difference in knowledge between societies at different places and in difference times.
In Nazi Germany it was still wrong to take the life of another person, another German person. Love was still good. Familes were still had and cherished. But, Jews were excluded because they were seen as less, and schools educated that they were parasites.
We've read the books, and seen the movies I'm sure.
So, while many of the same moral values were had, but either misapplied.
Some recognised when face-to-face with the horror that things weren't right.
They made what stand they could when faced with a society gone mad in their poor knowledge.
Then some people, really do prefer to express evils within their heart if such be permissible.
So here you have a lot of "moral actions" being calculated based upon misinformation.
Again, if two people perform a mathematical calculation and get different answers then either one if wrong or both are in how they applied their math. This difference is no more evidence for a subjective math standard. The fact the two are both using math though, shows there is something objective to it. Same for morality.
I do see your point. Of course Black/Africans weren’t the only ones subjected to slavery; during some of the Ottoman wars in Europe during the middle ages resulted in many Christian slaves. I think even your bible mentions slaves in Egypt.
You seem to be saying misinformation is what lead to much of the immoral actions (like slavery) of the past; what do you think of the idea that an increase of information is what lead to a change in morality? And as we continue to gain more and more information, morality will continue to change? After all; it’s been a heck of a long time already and we ain’t even close to getting it right yet! Your thoughts?
Ken
Hi Ken,
Yes, it seems evident to me that
different information can lead to different moral actions (or “calculations” if you will). This doesn’t necessarily mean “morality” has changed.
In the examples previously provided (volcano sacrifice, racism) there was only different information. The moral values being used to calculate particular actions were much the same, only working with different information.
For example, self-sacrifice is a good quality. It is seen as good and virtuous, even if it logically seems quite stupid to give up our lives since they're the only ones we'll presumably ever have.
In addition to information, there are also
differences in circumstance that can change a moral calculation. For example, I think we both would agree that it is wrong for someone to steal for no reason. Yet, I think we would both agree stealing food to survive, while not ideal, is justified.
This does not mean we believe stealing is now good – stealing is still wrong – but we’re faced with a moral dilemma. That is, there is no good outcome either way. If we value someone’s life more, than stealing is an acceptable course of action. If we value honesty more than life, then not stealing even unto death will be seen as the better thing.
This brings us to another condition that gets calculated into moral actions. And that is the
weighting assigned to moral values. These can differ from one society, culture or person to the next and while all things equal we generally agree on good and bad things, we might value some virtues and/or detest some actions more than others.
To provide an extreme example, in the Hudson Bay tribes children strangled their own parents. How immoral! Right? On the surface it seems quite repulsive and immoral, but digging deeper we see great value being placed on the virtue of self-sacrifice. When a person became too old to support themselves and starting weighing down the tribe, then it was considered an honour to die for the group. Refusal was seen as humiliation because dying for the sake of the group was such a high point of honour.
Indeed, this is precisely what soldiers do right? They fight for their country and fellow country men and women, and they are prepared to die doing so. And then we all consider them honourable having died fighting for their families, us, our freedom and country.
You know, C.S. Lewis had a photographic memory and was known for being able to recall page and words in books he had read. He explored many different cultures and societies. It was his belief that we shouldn't just accept what our current society says, but to have the best perspective with which to see the truth required examining all cultures and societies at different times. Anyway, in his
Mere Christianity he challenges,
- "If anyone will take the trouble to compare the moral teaching of, say, the ancient Egyptians, Babylonians, Hindus, Chinese, Greeks, and Romans, what will really strike him will be how very like they are to each other and to our own."
I find it interesting that whether in a movie, good novel or a fairy tale, we always find some values repulsive such as someone who is unfair, greedy, selfish, hateful, irresponsible, dishonest. BUT, we respect and are drawn to those who are loving, caring, respectful, fair, trustworthy or of noble character. And a mix both in a character can both intrigue and repulse us.
In any case, if you agree with me that anyone who’d think torturing and raping innocent little girls are morally wrong regardless of what anyone thinks -- if you embrace just one thing that you believe is wrong for everyone -- then you are embracing objective moral values of some sort with or without knowing it.