Posted: Wed Jul 27, 2005 9:58 pm
The western world is an individualistic, guilt driven society. The environment the Bible was written in, and most of the world today, is an group oriented, honor-shame society. The things that motivate people to conform to society's expectations are very different between the two cultures. The feeling of guilt you get when you do something wrong motivates us, while the desire to be honored and to avoid being shamed motivated the people in the Bible. Most of the social values in the ANE are based in one's group or in the honor-shame system, while for our society, most of them are based on one's self or guilt. this can make quite a large difference. A couple of examples: If i were to tell you that you needed to be more humble, you would take that to mean that you need to stop bragging about or to play down some ability or possession of yours. On the otherhand, when Paul tells the Philippians to imitate Christ's humility, he was telling them to not put themselves in a higher social standing then they actually are. An extreme example: a farmer claiming to be the emperor's right hand man. A more distinct difference can be seen in some of the laws in OT that today we see as rather brutal. There is one law that says a rape victim must marry her rapist. To us, living in countires with welfare and social security to take care of people like this, it seems horrible. However, in the ANE culture, this was a way of ensuring that the victim would be cared for for the rest of her life.
As for the language gap, if you have studied a foreign language you will have come across some words that dont have nice one word translations or carry some connotation that is difficult to express briefly. I'll use Gal 6:2 & 5, one of those supposed contradictions as an example. the word for burden used in 6:2 is baros. the word for burden in 6:5 is phortion. baros carries with it the connotation of something heavy. it is the root word for barus, which is the adjective heavy. phortion doesnt carry this connotation. it is used in Matt 11:30 as follows: For my yoke [is] easy, and my burden (phortion) is light.
and in Matt 23:4: For they bind heavy(barus) burdens(phortion) and grievous to be borne, and lay [them] on men's shoulders; but they [themselves] will not move them with one of their fingers.
note the use of the adjective barus in Matt 23:4
It could probably be worded a bit better in english, but if the time was taken to make the meaning every word absolutely clear to the english speaker, you would probably need a fork lift to carry around your Bible.
wow, that was long.
As for the language gap, if you have studied a foreign language you will have come across some words that dont have nice one word translations or carry some connotation that is difficult to express briefly. I'll use Gal 6:2 & 5, one of those supposed contradictions as an example. the word for burden used in 6:2 is baros. the word for burden in 6:5 is phortion. baros carries with it the connotation of something heavy. it is the root word for barus, which is the adjective heavy. phortion doesnt carry this connotation. it is used in Matt 11:30 as follows: For my yoke [is] easy, and my burden (phortion) is light.
and in Matt 23:4: For they bind heavy(barus) burdens(phortion) and grievous to be borne, and lay [them] on men's shoulders; but they [themselves] will not move them with one of their fingers.
note the use of the adjective barus in Matt 23:4
It could probably be worded a bit better in english, but if the time was taken to make the meaning every word absolutely clear to the english speaker, you would probably need a fork lift to carry around your Bible.
wow, that was long.