I finished watching the show "Neanderthal: The Rebirth" on the science channel last night. I don't really know what they meant by rebirth, since most of what they revealed has already been understood by mainstream science...
Here is a brief overview of the show...
First of all they make the claim that no complete Neanderthal skeleton has ever been found in the world, (from what I know is true). Therefore to reconstruct the past they must fuse Neanderthal parts (frankenstein work as they call it) from two different locations thousands of miles away from each other. They are Israel and Germany. To me this is not good science, but hey, was is these days..
Then they go into why we are here (modern humans) and why they are not.. Here are the reason's...
· They didn't have much of a waist because the had barrel-shaped rib cage.. The claim, it was really cold back then, and that a smaller waistline is better at retaining heat.
· Neanderthals hunted with spears and were ambush hunters. They did not throw spears but thrusted spears into their victims.
· Bone structure was very dense and therefore structured differently. Also their muscles were bigger than ours.
· They had 20% bigger average brains than modern humans. They say that the frontal lobes were the same size as ours, therefore their intellectual abilities could be possibly the same as ours. (I don't see any evidence of this..).
· Could they talk? Apparently they had a hyoid and a throat structure similar to ours. It apprears it was higher pitched than ours perhaps.
· They have a bigger navel cavity than ours. Rightfully so..
· Their inner ears were diffent from ours so they were less runners and jumpers.
Why did they become extinct? Mainly because of a temperature change. They found it harder to hunt since their prey could run away faster in an open field. Modern humans were better to adapt into the warmer clients.. etc..
What they didn't claim.
· They didn't claim that modern humans evolved from the Neanderthals.
· They didn't examine the mitochondrial DNA evidence of the Neanderthals.
I still think this article explains it the best:
http://www.godandscience.org/evolution/descent.html
The nail in the coffin
Therefore, the most accurate date (see note below) for the origin of modern humans indicate that the last common ancestor to modern humans must have existed less than 50,000 years ago (16). Such a recent date left only one potential ancestor for modern humans, that is, Homo neandertalensis (Neanderthals), which lived between 400,000 and 28,000 years ago. Previous anatomical studies had cast doubt on the possibility of Neanderthals being the ancestors of modern humans (23-27). These studies showed differences in Neanderthal's brain case (23) and the presence of an internal nasal margin, a medial swelling of the lateral nasal wall, and a lack of an ossified roof over the lacrimal groove (24-25). None of these features are found in Homo Sapiens, and the last feature is not found in any other terrestrial mammal! A recent analysis of Neanderthal hands has revealed that modern humans and Neanderthals differed markedly in the kind of grip they could use (26). Neanderthals were limited to grips as one has when holding a stone or baseball. Such a grip would have been powerful (you wouldn't want to shake hands with a Neanderthal), but not very dexterous. The anatomy of the Neanderthal's hands would have prevented them from engaging in fine motor skills, such as carving and painting. Another study showed that Neandertals developed much more rapidly than modern humans (or even their own supposed ancestors) (27), further eroding their possible status as mankind's ancestors. In addition, Neanderthals had a huge nasal cavity coupled with a brain size larger than our own. However, with their carnivorous lifestyle, it seems likely that much of their brain might have been devoted to the sense of smell, being the "dog" among the hominids.
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