rockman0 wrote:Slavery most definitely played a big part in it. Another part of the secession from the U.S. was disagreement over how the government should be. By then, America had adopted a strong central government, meaning that one government body would be the main branch that held responsibility over all of the states. Calhoun urged the people of the South that this was intolerant and would lead to the same tyranny that sparked the colonists to revolt against Britain. As a result, the Southern states revolted because they did not want to be ruled by a central government, but rather states' rights, meaning states made their own laws and were free from other states. Of course, one of the laws being passed was the abolishment of slavery, so slavery did have a part in the Civil War.
Fun Fact: If you go on John C. Calhoun's Wikipedia page, he looks kind of like Charlie Sheen. Coincidence? Maybe. We'll never know.
Actually, throughout most of the antebellum history of the United States, it was the free states that continually made concessions to the slave states, and the slave states that maintained a disproportionately large amount of power in the federal government. The slave states used this power in the central government to violate the rights of the free states, not the other way around. The Free States had to endure the Fugitive Slave Act. The Free States were forced to accept Dred Scott, which essentially allowed slaveholders to take their slaves into free states and territories unhindered.
"The feeling increased, until, in 1819-20, it deprived the South of more than half the vast territory acquired from France."
"It refuses the admission of new slave States into the Union, and seeks to extinguish it by confining it within its present limits, denying the power of expansion."
These two reasons (given in the Mississippi secession document) that the issue boiled down to in 1860. By and large, Northerners-- even most Republicans-- had little interest in abolishing slavery altogether; even most abolitionists who desired such a thing understood that it would have been unconstitutional to mandate at the federal level-- this was Lincoln's position and he made it very clear before and after states began seceding. That did not matter, though, because that was not the issue. The issue was that the slave states wanted to maintain power disproportionate to their population, and (more broadly) they considered their culture and way of life superior and would not abide by implications that there was something wrong with it. To put it succinctly, the southern states seceded not over slavery within their own borders, but over the expansion of slavery into new states.
Lincoln advocated disallowing slavery in the territories, which were under federal jurisdiction (but leaving slavery in slave states alone). When he was elected, slave states started seceeding. But you must go back to the Democratic convention to understand the political dynamics of the time. The Democrats were going to nominate Illinois Senator Stephen Douglas, who was a moderate and advocated "popular sovereignty" in the territories-- that is, the population of a territory could vote to decide whether they would be free or slave. The "Fire-Eaters" from the south
walked out of the convention because of this; they demanded the Democratic party adopt a plank into their platform advocating the federal government extend slavery into the territories, even those whose voters did not want slavery! Eventually these southern democrats broke away and selected their own nominee for president. The splitting of the ticket played a large role in getting Lincoln elected. Now, if southerners would not accept Stephen Douglas as their nominee, they certainly were not going to accept Lincoln as their President. Indeed, South Carolina seceeded shortly after Lincoln was elected, but well before he ever took office.